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Fundamentals of Database Systems

Discover the fundamentals of database systems, their applications, and the related technology. Get hands-on training from expert instructors.

(DATABASE-SYS.AB1) / ISBN : 978-1-64459-578-7
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About This Course

From basic to advanced topics, this Fundamentals of Database Systems course covers everything you need to know about database systems and their applications. Start with a comprehensive introduction of the fundamentals including architecture, components, models, schemas, and more. Gradually, learn how to interact with the Database using programming languages like SQL, DML, and DDL. By the end of this database fundamentals course, you’ll be a pro at designing, implementing, and managing efficient database schemas. 

Skills You’ll Get

  • Apply data models like ER, and EER to represent real-world entities and relationships
  • Optimize performance with normalized database schemas
  • Expertise in SQL query language for data manipulation, retrieval, and analysis
  • Understand the components and architecture for storage, indexing, and query processing
  •  Awareness of transaction concepts, ACID properties, and concurrency control techniques
  • Knowledge of data security principles, techniques, and best practices
  • Write database applications using programming languages like Java, Python, or PHP
  • Ability to work with modern NoSQL databases like MongoDB
  • Process large datasets with big data technologies like Hadoop and Spark 
  • Identify patterns and trends with data mining and machine learning concepts 
  • Problem-solving and critical-thinking capabilities

Get the support you need. Enroll in our Instructor-Led Course.

Download Course Outline

1

Introduction

2

Databases and Database Users

  • Introduction
  • An Example
  • Characteristics of the Database Approach
  • Actors on the Scene
  • Workers behind the Scene
  • Advantages of Using the DBMS Approach
  • A Brief History of Database Applications
  • When Not to Use a DBMS
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
3

Database System Concepts and Architecture

  • Data Models, Schemas, and Instances
  • Three-Schema Architecture and Data Independence
  • Database Languages and Interfaces
  • The Database System Environment
  • Centralized and Client/Server Architectures for DBMSs
  • Classification of Database Management Systems
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
4

Data Modeling Using the Entity–Relationship (ER) Model

  • Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database Design
  • A Sample Database Application
  • Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and Keys
  • Relationship Types, Relationship Sets, Roles, and Structural Constraints
  • Weak Entity Types
  • Refining the ER Design for the COMPANY Database
  • ER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design Issues
  • Example of Other Notation: UML Class Diagrams
  • Relationship Types of Degree Higher than Two
  • Another Example: A UNIVERSITY Database
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Laboratory Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
5

The Enhanced Entity–Relationship (EER) Model

  • Subclasses, Superclasses, and Inheritance
  • Specialization and Generalization
  • Constraints and Characteristics of Specialization and Generalization Hierarchies
  • Modeling of UNION Types Using Categories
  • A Sample UNIVERSITY EER Schema, Design Choices, and Formal Definitions
  • Example of Other Notation: Representing Specialization and Generalization in UML Class Diagrams
  • Data Abstraction, Knowledge Representation, and Ontology Concepts
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Laboratory Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
6

The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints

  • Relational Model Concepts
  • Relational Model Constraints and Relational Database Schemas
  • Update Operations, Transactions, and Dealing with Constraint Violations
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
7

SQL Data Definition and Data Types

  • SQL Data Definition and Data Types
  • Specifying Constraints in SQL
  • Basic Retrieval Queries in SQL
  • INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE Statements in SQL
  • Additional Features of SQL
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
8

More SQL: Complex Queries, Triggers, Views, and Schema Modification

  • More Complex SQL Retrieval Queries
  • Specifying Constraints as Assertions and Actions as Triggers
  • Views (Virtual Tables) in SQL
  • Schema Change Statements in SQL
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
9

The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus

  • Unary Relational Operations: SELECT and PROJECT
  • Relational Algebra Operations from Set Theory
  • Binary Relational Operations: JOIN and DIVISION
  • Additional Relational Operations
  • Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra
  • The Tuple Relational Calculus
  • The Domain Relational Calculus
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Laboratory Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
10

Relational Database Design by ER- and EER-to-Relational Mapping

  • Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping
  • Mapping EER Model Constructs to Relations
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Laboratory Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
11

Introduction to SQL Programming Techniques

  • Overview of Database Programming Techniques and Issues
  • Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL, and SQL J
  • Database Programming with Function Calls and Class Libraries: SQL/CLI and JDBC
  • Database Stored Procedures and SQL/PSM
  • Comparing the Three Approaches
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
12

Web Database Programming Using PHP

  • A Simple PHP Example
  • Overview of Basic Features of PHP
  • Overview of PHP Database Programming
  • Brief Overview of Java Technologies for Database Web Programming
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
13

Object and Object-Relational Databases

  • Overview of Object Database Concepts
  • Object Database Extensions to SQL
  • The ODMG Object Model and the Object Definition Language ODL
  • Object Database Conceptual Design
  • The Object Query Language OQL
  • Overview of the C++ Language Binding in the ODMG Standard
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
14

XML: Extensible Markup Language

  • Structured, Semistructured, and Unstructured Data
  • XML Hierarchical (Tree) Data Model
  • XML Documents, DTD, and XML Schema
  • Storing and Extracting XML Documents from Databases
  • XML Languages
  • Extracting XML Documents from Relational Databases
  • XML/SQL: SQL Functions for Creating XML Data
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
15

Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases

  • Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas
  • Functional Dependencies
  • Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys
  • General Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms
  • Boyce-Codd Normal Form
  • Multivalued Dependency and Fourth Normal Form
  • Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Laboratory Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
16

Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies

  • Further Topics in Functional Dependencies: Inference Rules, Equivalence, and Minimal Cover
  • Properties of Relational Decompositions
  • Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Design
  • About Nulls, Dangling Tuples, and Alternative Relational Designs
  • Further Discussion of Multivalued Dependencies and 4NF
  • Other Dependencies and Normal Forms
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Laboratory Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
17

Disk Storage, Basic File Structures, Hashing, and Modern Storage Architectures

  • Introduction
  • Secondary Storage Devices
  • Buffering of Blocks
  • Placing File Records on Disk
  • Operations on Files
  • Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files)
  • Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files)
  • Hashing Techniques
  • Other Primary File Organizations
  • Parallelizing Disk Access Using RAID Technology
  • Modern Storage Architectures
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
18

Indexing Structures for Files and Physical Database Design

  • Types of Single-Level Ordered Indexes
  • Multilevel Indexes
  • Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees and B+-Trees
  • Indexes on Multiple Keys
  • Other Types of Indexes
  • Some General Issues Concerning Indexing
  • Physical Database Design in Relational Databases
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
19

Strategies for Query Processing

  • Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra and Other Operators
  • Algorithms for External Sorting
  • Algorithms for SELECT Operation
  • Implementing the JOIN Operation
  • Algorithms for PROJECT and Set Operations
  • Implementing Aggregate Operations and Different Types of JOINs
  • Combining Operations Using Pipelining
  • Parallel Algorithms for Query Processing
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
20

Query Optimization

  • Query Trees and Heuristics for Query Optimization
  • Choice of Query Execution Plans
  • Use of Selectivities in Cost-Based Optimization
  • Cost Functions for SELECT Operation
  • Cost Functions for the JOIN Operation
  • Example to Illustrate Cost-Based Query Optimization
  • Additional Issues Related to Query Optimization
  • An Example of Query Optimization in Data Warehouses
  • Overview of Query Optimization in Oracle
  • Semantic Query Optimization
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
21

Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory

  • Introduction to Transaction Processing
  • Transaction and System Concepts
  • Desirable Properties of Transactions
  • Characterizing Schedules Based on Recoverability
  • Characterizing Schedules Based on Serializability
  • Transaction Support in SQL
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
22

Concurrency Control Techniques

  • Two-Phase Locking Techniques for Concurrency Control
  • Concurrency Control Based on Timestamp Ordering
  • Multiversion Concurrency Control Techniques
  • Validation (Optimistic) Techniques and Snapshot Isolation Concurrency Control
  • Granularity of Data Items and Multiple Granularity Locking
  • Using Locks for Concurrency Control in Indexes
  • Other Concurrency Control Issues
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
23

Database Recovery Techniques

  • Recovery Concepts
  • NO-UNDO/REDO Recovery Based on Deferred Update
  • Recovery Techniques Based on Immediate Update
  • Shadow Paging
  • The ARIES Recovery Algorithm
  • Recovery in Multidatabase Systems
  • Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
24

Distributed Database Concepts

  • Distributed Database Concepts
  • Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation Techniques for Distributed Database Design
  • Overview of Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed Databases
  • Overview of Transaction Management in Distributed Databases
  • Query Processing and Optimization in Distributed Databases
  • Types of Distributed Database Systems
  • Distributed Database Architectures
  • Distributed Catalog Management
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
25

NOSQL Databases and Big Data Storage Systems

  • Introduction to NOSQL Systems
  • The CAP Theorem
  • Document-Based NOSQL Systems and MongoDB
  • NOSQL Key-Value Stores
  • Column-Based or Wide Column NOSQL Systems
  • NOSQL Graph Databases and Neo4j
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Selected Bibliography
26

Big Data Technologies Based on MapReduce and Hadoop

  • What Is Big Data?
  • Introduction to MapReduce and Hadoop
  • Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)
  • MapReduce: Additional Details
  • Hadoop v2 alias YARN
  • General Discussion
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Selected Bibliography
27

Enhanced Data Models: Introduction to Active, Temporal, Spatial, Multimedia, and Deductive Databases

  • Active Database Concepts and Triggers
  • Temporal Database Concepts
  • Spatial Database Concepts
  • Multimedia Database Concepts
  • Introduction to Deductive Databases
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
28

Introduction to Information Retrieval and Web Search

  • Information Retrieval (IR) Concepts
  • Retrieval Models
  • Types of Queries in IR Systems
  • Text Preprocessing
  • Inverted Indexing
  • Evaluation Measures of Search Relevance
  • Web Search and Analysis
  • Trends in Information Retrieval
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Selected Bibliography
29

Data Mining Concepts

  • Overview of Data Mining Technology
  • Association Rules
  • Classification
  • Clustering
  • Approaches to Other Data Mining Problems
  • Applications of Data Mining
  • Commercial Data Mining Tools
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
30

Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP

  • Introduction, Definitions, and Terminology
  • Characteristics of Data Warehouses
  • Data Modeling for Data Warehouses
  • Building a Data Warehouse
  • Typical Functionality of a Data Warehouse
  • Data Warehouse versus Views
  • Difficulties of Implementing Data Warehouses
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Selected Bibliography
31

Database Security

  • Introduction to Database Security Issues
  • Discretionary Access Control Based on Granting and Revoking Privileges
  • Mandatory Access Control and Role-Based Access Control for Multilevel Security
  • SQL Injection
  • Introduction to Statistical Database Security
  • Introduction to Flow Control
  • Encryption and Public Key Infrastructures
  • Privacy Issues and Preservation
  • Challenges to Maintaining Database Security
  • Oracle Label-Based Security
  • Summary
  • Review Questions
  • Exercises
  • Selected Bibliography
A

Appendix A: Alternative Diagrammatic Notations for ER Models

B

Appendix B: Parameters of Disks

C

Appendix C: Overview of the QBE Language

  • C.1 Basic Retrievals in QBE
  • C.2 Grouping, Aggregation, and Database Modification in QBE

1

Databases and Database Users

  • Understanding the Basic Database System Environment
  • Using the Exist and Not Exist Operators
2

Database System Concepts and Architecture

  • Understanding the Schema Architecture
3

Data Modeling Using the Entity–Relationship (ER) Model

  • Understanding Physical Schema - ER Model
4

SQL Data Definition and Data Types

  • Inserting Data into a Table
  • Updating Data in a Table
  • Creating and Updating a View
  • Creating a Table in SQL
  • Using the CHECK Constraint
  • Using Attribute Constraints
  • Using Arithmetic Operations
  • Using Asterisk in SQL
  • Using the ORDER BY Clause
  • Using Aliases
  • Using the DISTINCT Keyword
  • Using the Substring Pattern Matching
  • Enforcing Referential Integrity Constraints
  • Deleting a Record from a Table
5

More SQL: Complex Queries, Triggers, Views, and Schema Modification

  • Using Aggregate Functions
  • Retrieving Data Using WITH and CASE Clauses
  • Retrieving Data Using a Nested Query
  • Using the EXISTS and NOT EXISTS Operators
  • Using GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses
  • Using Triggers in SQL
  • Modifying a Table
  • Using the UNION, INTERSECTION, and EXCEPT Operations
6

The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus

  • Using Unary Relational Operations
  • Using the CROSS JOIN Operation
  • Using the JOIN Operation
  • Using the DIVISION Operation
7

Introduction to SQL Programming Techniques

  • Using Embedded SQL in C
  • Embedding SQL Commands in Java
  • Connecting to a Database Using Visual Studio Code
8

Object and Object-Relational Databases

  • Creating UDTs
9

XML: Extensible Markup Language

  • Generating XML Data Using SQL Functions
10

Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases

  • Normalizing the Unnormalized Model to 1st Normal Form I
  • Normalizing the Unnormalized Model to 1st Normal Form II
  • Normalizing the 1st Normal Form to 2nd Normal Form
  • Normalizing the 2nd Normal Form to 3rd Normal Form
  • Normalizing the 3rd Normal Form to BCNF
11

Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies

  • Solving the Problems with Dangling Tuples
12

Indexing Structures for Files and Physical Database Design

  • Creating Function-Based Indexes
13

Strategies for Query Processing

  • Retrieving Data Using Semi-join and Anti-join
14

Query Optimization

  • Using the View-Merging Operation
  • Unnesting a Query
15

Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory

  • Understanding Transaction States and Additional Operations
16

Database Recovery Techniques

  • Creating a Backup and Restoring Data
17

NOSQL Databases and Big Data Storage Systems

  • Performing CRUD Operations in MongoDB
  • Building the Sample Data in MongoDB
  • Using Basic Cypher Queries
18

Enhanced Data Models: Introduction to Active, Temporal, Spatial, Multimedia, and Deductive Databases

  • Using Triggers in Oracle Notation
  • Performing Basic Operations in Oracle
19

Data Mining Concepts

  • Creating a Decision-Tree Model
  • Performing k-Means Clustering
  • Using the Apriori Algorithm
20

Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP

  • Understanding the Hive System Architecture
  • Understanding the General Architecture of a Data Warehouse
21

Database Security

  • Solving the Problems with NULL Values
  • Granting and Revoking Privileges

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Fundamentals of Database Systems course is designed for all those data enthusiasts wanting to gain insight into how data is stored and managed within organizations. Students and academicians with computer science and data science backgrounds can use this course to solidify their knowledge. Tech professionals involved in software development, data analysis, database administration, and web development will also benefit greatly from this course.

No, there are no formal prerequisites.

The potential career paths after completing this course are plenty:

  • Database administrator
  • Database developer, architect, and engineer
  • Data scientist
  • Software engineer
  • Cloud database specialist
  • Cybersecurity analyst

This is a beginner-friendly course focusing on the fundamentals of database systems. Some of the advanced topics covered here include NoSQL databases, distributed databases, cloud database technologies, advanced SQL, and more.

This is a self-paced course that can be completed at your own convenience. The single-user license is valid for 1 year from the date of purchase.

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